As the United States entered its second year of war in Europe, economic demands increased significantly, driving the production of more circulating coinage. In 1918, the Philadelphia Mint struck over 288 million Lincoln Cents— the highest mintage up to that time. Many of these coins remain in circulation even after a century.
Historical Context and Production Demand
According to the U.S. Mint’s 1918 Annual Report:
“The unprecedented demand for fractional coin is doubtless due to war activities—general acceleration of business transactions requiring more frequent settlements; larger earnings of the people, resulting in more expenditures; demands of camp activities, etc.”
Additional factors included increased internal revenue taxes, higher streetcar fares, and expanded consumer spending.
Victor David Brenner’s Initials Return
Initially removed in 1909 due to their perceived prominence, Brenner’s initials (V.D.B.) returned in 1918. Their restoration, placed subtly at the truncation of Lincoln’s bust, was likely influenced by the death of Chief Engraver Charles Barber, who had opposed the initials’ inclusion.
Prominent numismatists, including Farran Zerbe, advocated for their return. Despite this, the restoration went largely unnoticed until 1922.
Value and Market Insights
The 1918 Lincoln Cent’s large mintage ensures a wide range of conditions and prices:
| Condition | Estimated Value |
|---|---|
| Circulated | $1 or less |
| Mint State (Brown) | Under $50 |
| Mint State (Red/Brown) | $50 – $500 |
| Mint State (Red) | $50 – $1,000+ |
| High Grades (MS66-MS68) | $1,000 – $55,200 (record sale) |
Noteworthy Auction Sales
- PCGS MS68RD #44355702: Sold for $55,200 on April 5, 2022, by Stack’s Bowers.
- GreatCollections, April 2023: An MS68RD coin fetched $78,000.
- MS67+RD examples: Range from $5,500 to $17,600, depending on specific auction history and condition nuances.
Design Overview
Obverse: Features a right-facing bust of Abraham Lincoln with “IN GOD WE TRUST” above and “LIBERTY” to the left.
Reverse: Displays the iconic Wheat Cent design with two wheat stalks flanking “ONE CENT” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.” The motto “E·PLURIBUS·UNUM” arches above.
Specifications
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Year | 1918 |
| Denomination | One Cent (USD) |
| Mintmark | None (Philadelphia) |
| Mintage | 288,104,634 |
| Composition | 95% Copper, 5% Tin/Zinc |
| Weight | 3.11 grams |
| Diameter | 19.00 mm |
| Edge | Plain |
| Designer | Victor David Brenner |
This organized version highlights essential information in a clear format, catering to both numismatic enthusiasts and casual readers.
FAQ: 1918 Lincoln Cent
1. Why was there a high demand for Lincoln Cents in 1918?
Increased wartime economic activity during World War I led to greater demand for fractional coinage. Factors included accelerated business transactions, higher consumer spending, military camp needs, and new taxes on services.
2. What makes the 1918 Lincoln Cent historically significant?
The coin reflects the economic impact of World War I and marks the return of designer Victor David Brenner’s initials (V.D.B.) after their removal in 1909.
3. Who designed the 1918 Lincoln Cent?
The cent was designed by Lithuanian-born sculptor Victor David Brenner. His initials (V.D.B.) appear subtly on the obverse, near the truncation of Lincoln’s bust.
4. How much is a 1918 Lincoln Cent worth today?
- Circulated examples: Typically worth $1 or less.
- Lower Mint State (Brown/Red Brown): Usually under $50.
- Mint State Red: Between $50 and $500.
- High grades (MS66 and above): Prices range from $1,000 to over $50,000, with the highest auction record at $78,000.
5. Where are Brenner’s initials located on the 1918 cent?
Brenner’s initials (V.D.B.) are placed at the truncation of Lincoln’s bust on the obverse side of the coin.
6. What is the composition of the 1918 Lincoln Cent?
The coin is composed of 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc, weighing 3.11 grams.
7. Are there any notable auction sales for this coin?
Yes, some notable sales include:
- PCGS MS68RD: Sold for $55,200 (April 2022).
- Another MS68RD example: Achieved $78,000 in April 2023.
- Various MS67+RD coins: Sold between $5,500 and $17,600 depending on auction history and specific condition.
8. What does the reverse design feature?
The reverse, known as the “Wheat Cent” design, includes two sheaves of wheat flanking the inscriptions “ONE CENT” and “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” with the motto “E·PLURIBUS·UNUM” at the top.
9. How rare is the 1918 Lincoln Cent in high grades?
While circulated examples are common, high-grade Mint State Red coins (especially MS67 and MS68) are scarce and command premium prices. The highest-graded examples are highly sought after by collectors.
10. What should I watch for when buying a 1918 Lincoln Cent?
- Condition: Look for coins without significant carbon spots or wear.
- Strike Quality: Many 1918 cents exhibit die wear.
- Certification: For high-value coins, ensure they are certified by reputable grading services like PCGS or NGC.